新冠病毒疫情防控相关词汇，英语怎么说？

  新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情发生以来，党中央高度重视。习近平总书记多次对疫情防控工作作出重要指示，强调生命重于泰山，疫情就是命令，防控就是责任，要坚决打赢疫情防控阻击战。

  中国外文局中国翻译研究院翻译审定工作机制及时响应，按疫病名称，传染防控，政策举措，机构、职业群体和场所名称，病理症状，器具名称，其他医学名词等七个类别，搜集梳理、翻译审定了180条新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情相关词汇英文表达，供业界及相关人员参考使用。 
 
一、疫病名称

1. 冠状病毒 coronavirus
2. 2019新型冠状病毒 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)
3. 肺炎 pneumonia
4. 病毒性肺炎 viral pneumonia
5. 不明原因肺炎 pneumonia of unknown etiology/cause
6. 严重急性呼吸综合征（非典） severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
7. 严重急性呼吸道感染 severe acute respiratory infection (SARI)
8. 急性呼吸窘迫综合征 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
9. 中东呼吸综合征 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)
10. 呼吸道疾病（呼吸系统疾病） respiratory diseases 

二、传染防控

11. 国际关注的突发公共卫生事件 Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) 
12. 乙类传染病 Category B infectious diseases
13. 人传人 person-to-person/human-to-human transmission
14. 行走的传染源 mobile source of infection
15. 潜伏期 incubation/latent period
16. 无症状的潜伏期 silent/asymptomatic incubation period
17. 特定传染病 specific infectious disease
18. 病毒携带者 virus carrier
19. 无症状携带者 asymptomatic carrier
20. 超级传播者 super spreader
21. 飞沫传播 droplet transmission
22. 接触传播 contact transmission
23. 病毒的蔓延 spread of a virus
24. 隐性感染 covert/silent/inapparent/subclinical infection
25. 外源性感染 exogenous infection
26. 密切接触者 close contact
27. 接触者追踪 contact tracing
28. 传染途径 route of transmission
29. 传播方式 mode of transmission
30. 宿主 host
31. 易感人群 susceptible/vulnerable population
32. 医院/院内感染 nosocomial infection; hospital-acquired infection
33. 职业暴露 occupational exposure
34. 确诊病例 confirmed case 
35. 疑似病例 suspected case
36. 散在病例 sporadic case
37. 输入性病例imported case
38. 二代病例 second-generation case
39. 传染性 transmissibility; infectivity
40. 致病性 pathogenicity
41. 疫情 epidemic; outbreak
42. 疫区 affected area
43. 发病 morbidity
44. 发热病人 patients with fever; febrile patients; fever patients
45. 重症 severe case
46. 发病率 incidence rate 
47. 死亡率    mortality rate
48. 病死率（致死率） fatality/mortality/death rate
49. 治愈率 recovery rate
50. 疫情防控 epidemic prevention and control
51. 监测体温 to monitor body temperature 
52. 体温检测 to check body temperature
53. 早发现、早隔离 early detection and early isolation
54. 隔离治疗 to receive treatment in isolation
55. 自我隔离 to quarantine yourself in your home; self-monitored quarantine
56. 临床数据 clinical data
57. 核酸检测 nucleic acid testing (NAT)
58. 血清诊断 serodiagnosis
59. 自觉接受医学观察 to present yourself to medical observation 
60. 解除医学观察 to be discharged from medical observation
61. 诊断、治疗、追踪和筛查 diagnosis, treatment, tracing and screening
62. 预防措施 preventive measure
63. 疫苗 vaccine
64. 戴口罩 to wear a mask
65. 勤洗手/仔细洗手 to wash your hands often/carefully
66. 消毒 disinfection
67. 避免去人多的地方 avoid crowds
68. 健康筛查health screening
69. 旅行限制 travel restrictions
70. 健康申报表 health declaration form
71. 海鲜市场 seafood market
72. 活体农贸市场 live animal market
73. 湿货市场 wet market
74. 野味 bushmeat; game
75. 果子狸 masked palm civet
76. 蝙蝠 bat
77. 竹鼠 bamboo rat
78. 獾 badger 

三、政策举措

79. 突发公共卫生事件 public health emergency
80. 启动重大突发公共卫生事件一级响应 to activate first-level public health emergency response
81. 掌握情况，不漏一人 to have full knowledge of the situation (of the community) and leave no one unchecked
82. 遏制疫情蔓延 to contain the outbreak
83. 封城 A city is on lockdown./A city goes into lockdown.
84. 延迟开学 to postpone the reopening of schools
85. 延长春节假期 to extend the Chinese New Year holiday
86. （公共场所）消毒、通风以及体温检测 disinfection, ventilation and body temperature monitoring (in public areas)
87. 应急医院 makeshift hospital
88. 火神山医院 Huoshenshan Hospital (in Wuhan)
89. 雷神山医院 Leishenshan Hospital (in Wuhan)
90. 暂停海外团队旅行 to suspend overseas group tours
91. 关闭景点 to close scenic spots
92. 取消大型集会to cancel mass gatherings
93. 减少外出 to make fewer trips outside
94. 控制人口流动 to curb population flow
95. 两周观察期 two-week observation period
96. 停运长途汽车 to halt long-distance buses
97. 调减市内公交to reduce the frequency of bus services in the city
98. 特殊报销政策 special reimbursement rules
99. 紧平衡 in tight balance
100. 医疗物资紧缺 shortage of medical supplies
101. 日常基本生活物资 daily necessities
102. 跨境采购 cross-border procurement
103. 囤积食物 to stock up on food
104. 捂货惜售 hoarding
105. 瞒报 to underreport 
106. 哄抬价格 price gouging
107. 顶格处罚 the maximum penalty 

四、机构、职业群体和场所名称

108. 世卫组织 World Health Organization (WHO)
109. 中央应对新型冠状病毒感染肺炎疫情工作领导小组（中央应对疫情工作领导小组） Leading Group of the CPC Central Committee for Novel Coronavirus Prevention and Control
110. 国家卫生健康委员会（国家卫健委） National Health Commission (NHS)
111. 中国疾病预防控制中心（中国疾控中心） Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC)
112. 国家医疗保障局（国家医保局） National Healthcare Security Administration (NHSA)
113. 医疗机构 medical institution
114. 卫生机构 health institution
115. 医疗从业者 medical practitioner; healthcare professional
116. 医疗人员 medical personnel; health workforce; health workers
117. 一线医护人员 frontline health workers
118. 钟南山 Zhong Nanshan, a prominent Chinese expert in respiratory diseases (and a hero of the 2003 fight against SARS)
119. 定点医院 designated hospitals 
120. 发热门诊 fever clinic
121. 重症监护病房 intensive care unit (ICU)
122. 检疫所    quarantine office
123. 药店 pharmacy; drugstore 

五、病理症状

124. 病理 pathology
125. 病原体    pathogen
126. 病毒变异 virus variation
127. 病毒突变 virus mutation
128. 临床表现 clinical picture
129. 上呼吸道感染 upper respiratory tract infection (URTI)
130. 低氧血症 hypoxemia; low blood oxygen
131. 纤维化 fibrosis
132. 肺脓肿 lung abscess
133. 双肺浸润性病灶 infiltration in both lungs
134. 发热 fever
135. 乏力 fatigue
136. 干咳 dry cough
137. 头疼 headache
138. 胸闷 chest distress; chest oppression
139. 心慌 palpitations
140. 恶心想吐 nausea
141. 腹泻 diarrhea
142. 呼吸困难 dyspnea; respiratory distress; breathing difficulties
143. 呼吸急促（气促） shortness of breath; panting
144. 感染性休克 septic shock 

六、器具名称

145. 红外体温测量仪 infrared thermometer
146. 体温检测热像仪 thermal imaging camera for temperature monitoring
147. 诊断器具 diagnostic tool/kit
148. 消毒液    disinfectant; antiseptic solution
149. 消毒湿巾 disinfectant/antiseptic wipes
150. 含酒精洗手液 alcohol-based hand rub/sanitizer
151. 口罩 facemask; mask
152. N95口罩 N95 mask/respirator
153. 医用外科口罩 surgical mask
154. 防护服    protective suit
155. 护目镜    goggles 
156. 一次性手套 disposable gloves
157. 负压救护车 negative pressure ambulance 

七、其他医学名词

158. 国际卫生条例 International Health Regulations (IHR)
159. 流行病学 epidemiology
160. 流行病学调查（流调） epidemiological investigation 
161. 呼吸器官 respiratory organs
162. 呼吸道 respiratory tract
163. 消化系统 digestive system
164. 神经系统 nervous system
165. 肾功能 renal function
166. 流感 influenza; flu
167. 结膜炎 conjunctivitis; pink eye
168. 宿疾、慢性病 chronic ailment; chronic disease
169. 高血压 hypertension; high blood pressure
170. 糖尿病 diabetes; diabetes mellitus
171. 心血管病 cardiovascular disease
172. 基因序列 genetic sequence
173. 基因结构 genetic structure
174. 试剂 reagent
175. 诊断 diagnosis
176. 检测样本 test sample
177. 医学观察 medical watch; medical observation
178. 病毒分离 virus isolation
179. 抗病毒药 antiviral drug
180. 退烧药 febrifuge; antipyretic